wp_insert_post()

wp_insert_post( array $postarr, bool $wp_error = false, bool $fire_after_hooks = true ): int|WP_Error

function wp_insert_post( $postarr, $wp_error = false, $fire_after_hooks = true ) {
	global $wpdb;

	// Capture original pre-sanitized array for passing into filters.
	$unsanitized_postarr = $postarr;

	$user_id = get_current_user_id();

	$defaults = array(
		'post_author'           => $user_id,
		'post_content'          => '',
		'post_content_filtered' => '',
		'post_title'            => '',
		'post_excerpt'          => '',
		'post_status'           => 'draft',
		'post_type'             => 'post',
		'comment_status'        => '',
		'ping_status'           => '',
		'post_password'         => '',
		'to_ping'               => '',
		'pinged'                => '',
		'post_parent'           => 0,
		'menu_order'            => 0,
		'guid'                  => '',
		'import_id'             => 0,
		'context'               => '',
		'post_date'             => '',
		'post_date_gmt'         => '',
	);

	$postarr = wp_parse_args( $postarr, $defaults );

	unset( $postarr['filter'] );

	$postarr = sanitize_post( $postarr, 'db' );

	// Are we updating or creating?
	$post_id = 0;
	$update  = false;
	$guid    = $postarr['guid'];

	if ( ! empty( $postarr['ID'] ) ) {
		$update = true;

		// Get the post ID and GUID.
		$post_id     = $postarr['ID'];
		$post_before = get_post( $post_id );

		if ( is_null( $post_before ) ) {
			if ( $wp_error ) {
				return new WP_Error( 'invalid_post', __( 'Invalid post ID.' ) );
			}
			return 0;
		}

		$guid            = get_post_field( 'guid', $post_id );
		$previous_status = get_post_field( 'post_status', $post_id );
	} else {
		$previous_status = 'new';
		$post_before     = null;
	}

	$post_type = empty( $postarr['post_type'] ) ? 'post' : $postarr['post_type'];

	$post_title   = $postarr['post_title'];
	$post_content = $postarr['post_content'];
	$post_excerpt = $postarr['post_excerpt'];

	if ( isset( $postarr['post_name'] ) ) {
		$post_name = $postarr['post_name'];
	} elseif ( $update ) {
		// For an update, don't modify the post_name if it wasn't supplied as an argument.
		$post_name = $post_before->post_name;
	}

	$maybe_empty = 'attachment' !== $post_type
		&& ! $post_content && ! $post_title && ! $post_excerpt
		&& post_type_supports( $post_type, 'editor' )
		&& post_type_supports( $post_type, 'title' )
		&& post_type_supports( $post_type, 'excerpt' );

	/**
	 * Filters whether the post should be considered "empty".
	 *
	 * The post is considered "empty" if both:
	 * 1. The post type supports the title, editor, and excerpt fields
	 * 2. The title, editor, and excerpt fields are all empty
	 *
	 * Returning a truthy value from the filter will effectively short-circuit
	 * the new post being inserted and return 0. If $wp_error is true, a WP_Error
	 * will be returned instead.
	 *
	 * @since 3.3.0
	 *
	 * @param bool  $maybe_empty Whether the post should be considered "empty".
	 * @param array $postarr     Array of post data.
	 */
	if ( apply_filters( 'wp_insert_post_empty_content', $maybe_empty, $postarr ) ) {
		if ( $wp_error ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'empty_content', __( 'Content, title, and excerpt are empty.' ) );
		} else {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	$post_status = empty( $postarr['post_status'] ) ? 'draft' : $postarr['post_status'];

	if ( 'attachment' === $post_type && ! in_array( $post_status, array( 'inherit', 'private', 'trash', 'auto-draft' ), true ) ) {
		$post_status = 'inherit';
	}

	if ( ! empty( $postarr['post_category'] ) ) {
		// Filter out empty terms.
		$post_category = array_filter( $postarr['post_category'] );
	} elseif ( $update && ! isset( $postarr['post_category'] ) ) {
		$post_category = $post_before->post_category;
	}

	// Make sure we set a valid category.
	if ( empty( $post_category ) || 0 === count( $post_category ) || ! is_array( $post_category ) ) {
		// 'post' requires at least one category.
		if ( 'post' === $post_type && 'auto-draft' !== $post_status ) {
			$post_category = array( get_option( 'default_category' ) );
		} else {
			$post_category = array();
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Don't allow contributors to set the post slug for pending review posts.
	 *
	 * For new posts check the primitive capability, for updates check the meta capability.
	 */
	if ( 'pending' === $post_status ) {
		$post_type_object = get_post_type_object( $post_type );

		if ( ! $update && $post_type_object && ! current_user_can( $post_type_object->cap->publish_posts ) ) {
			$post_name = '';
		} elseif ( $update && ! current_user_can( 'publish_post', $post_id ) ) {
			$post_name = '';
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Create a valid post name. Drafts and pending posts are allowed to have
	 * an empty post name.
	 */
	if ( empty( $post_name ) ) {
		if ( ! in_array( $post_status, array( 'draft', 'pending', 'auto-draft' ), true ) ) {
			$post_name = sanitize_title( $post_title );
		} else {
			$post_name = '';
		}
	} else {
		// On updates, we need to check to see if it's using the old, fixed sanitization context.
		$check_name = sanitize_title( $post_name, '', 'old-save' );

		if ( $update
			&& strtolower( urlencode( $post_name ) ) === $check_name
			&& get_post_field( 'post_name', $post_id ) === $check_name
		) {
			$post_name = $check_name;
		} else { // New post, or slug has changed.
			$post_name = sanitize_title( $post_name );
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Resolve the post date from any provided post date or post date GMT strings;
	 * if none are provided, the date will be set to now.
	 */
	$post_date = wp_resolve_post_date( $postarr['post_date'], $postarr['post_date_gmt'] );

	if ( ! $post_date ) {
		if ( $wp_error ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'invalid_date', __( 'Invalid date.' ) );
		} else {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $postarr['post_date_gmt'] ) || '0000-00-00 00:00:00' === $postarr['post_date_gmt'] ) {
		if ( ! in_array( $post_status, get_post_stati( array( 'date_floating' => true ) ), true ) ) {
			$post_date_gmt = get_gmt_from_date( $post_date );
		} else {
			$post_date_gmt = '0000-00-00 00:00:00';
		}
	} else {
		$post_date_gmt = $postarr['post_date_gmt'];
	}

	if ( $update || '0000-00-00 00:00:00' === $post_date ) {
		$post_modified     = current_time( 'mysql' );
		$post_modified_gmt = current_time( 'mysql', true );
	} else {
		$post_modified     = $post_date;
		$post_modified_gmt = $post_date_gmt;
	}

	if ( 'attachment' !== $post_type ) {
		$now = gmdate( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' );

		if ( 'publish' === $post_status ) {
			if ( strtotime( $post_date_gmt ) - strtotime( $now ) >= MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ) {
				$post_status = 'future';
			}
		} elseif ( 'future' === $post_status ) {
			if ( strtotime( $post_date_gmt ) - strtotime( $now ) < MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ) {
				$post_status = 'publish';
			}
		}
	}

	// Comment status.
	if ( empty( $postarr['comment_status'] ) ) {
		if ( $update ) {
			$comment_status = 'closed';
		} else {
			$comment_status = get_default_comment_status( $post_type );
		}
	} else {
		$comment_status = $postarr['comment_status'];
	}

	// These variables are needed by compact() later.
	$post_content_filtered = $postarr['post_content_filtered'];
	$post_author           = $postarr['post_author'] ?? $user_id;
	$ping_status           = empty( $postarr['ping_status'] ) ? get_default_comment_status( $post_type, 'pingback' ) : $postarr['ping_status'];
	$to_ping               = isset( $postarr['to_ping'] ) ? sanitize_trackback_urls( $postarr['to_ping'] ) : '';
	$pinged                = $postarr['pinged'] ?? '';
	$import_id             = $postarr['import_id'] ?? 0;

	/*
	 * The 'wp_insert_post_parent' filter expects all variables to be present.
	 * Previously, these variables would have already been extracted
	 */
	if ( isset( $postarr['menu_order'] ) ) {
		$menu_order = (int) $postarr['menu_order'];
	} else {
		$menu_order = 0;
	}

	$post_password = $postarr['post_password'] ?? '';
	if ( 'private' === $post_status ) {
		$post_password = '';
	}

	if ( isset( $postarr['post_parent'] ) ) {
		$post_parent = (int) $postarr['post_parent'];
	} else {
		$post_parent = 0;
	}

	$new_postarr = array_merge(
		array(
			'ID' => $post_id,
		),
		compact( array_diff( array_keys( $defaults ), array( 'context', 'filter' ) ) )
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the post parent -- used to check for and prevent hierarchy loops.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @param int   $post_parent Post parent ID.
	 * @param int   $post_id     Post ID.
	 * @param array $new_postarr Array of parsed post data.
	 * @param array $postarr     Array of sanitized, but otherwise unmodified post data.
	 */
	$post_parent = apply_filters( 'wp_insert_post_parent', $post_parent, $post_id, $new_postarr, $postarr );

	/*
	 * If the post is being untrashed and it has a desired slug stored in post meta,
	 * reassign it.
	 */
	if ( 'trash' === $previous_status && 'trash' !== $post_status ) {
		$desired_post_slug = get_post_meta( $post_id, '_wp_desired_post_slug', true );

		if ( $desired_post_slug ) {
			delete_post_meta( $post_id, '_wp_desired_post_slug' );
			$post_name = $desired_post_slug;
		}
	}

	// If a trashed post has the desired slug, change it and let this post have it.
	if ( 'trash' !== $post_status && $post_name ) {
		/**
		 * Filters whether or not to add a `__trashed` suffix to the name of trashed posts that match the name of the updated post.
		 *
		 * @since 5.4.0
		 *
		 * @param bool   $add_trashed_suffix Whether to attempt to add the suffix.
		 * @param string $post_name          The name of the post being updated.
		 * @param int    $post_id            Post ID.
		 */
		$add_trashed_suffix = apply_filters( 'add_trashed_suffix_to_trashed_posts', true, $post_name, $post_id );

		if ( $add_trashed_suffix ) {
			wp_add_trashed_suffix_to_post_name_for_trashed_posts( $post_name, $post_id );
		}
	}

	// When trashing an existing post, change its slug to allow non-trashed posts to use it.
	if ( 'trash' === $post_status && 'trash' !== $previous_status && 'new' !== $previous_status ) {
		$post_name = wp_add_trashed_suffix_to_post_name_for_post( $post_id );
	}

	$post_name = wp_unique_post_slug( $post_name, $post_id, $post_status, $post_type, $post_parent );

	// Don't unslash.
	$post_mime_type = $postarr['post_mime_type'] ?? '';

	// Expected_slashed (everything!).
	$data = compact(
		'post_author',
		'post_date',
		'post_date_gmt',
		'post_content',
		'post_content_filtered',
		'post_title',
		'post_excerpt',
		'post_status',
		'post_type',
		'comment_status',
		'ping_status',
		'post_password',
		'post_name',
		'to_ping',
		'pinged',
		'post_modified',
		'post_modified_gmt',
		'post_parent',
		'menu_order',
		'post_mime_type',
		'guid'
	);

	$emoji_fields = array( 'post_title', 'post_content', 'post_excerpt' );

	foreach ( $emoji_fields as $emoji_field ) {
		if ( isset( $data[ $emoji_field ] ) ) {
			$charset = $wpdb->get_col_charset( $wpdb->posts, $emoji_field );

			// The 'utf8' character set is a deprecated alias of 'utf8mb3'. See <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-unicode-utf8.html>.
			if ( 'utf8' === $charset || 'utf8mb3' === $charset ) {
				$data[ $emoji_field ] = wp_encode_emoji( $data[ $emoji_field ] );
			}
		}
	}

	if ( 'attachment' === $post_type ) {
		/**
		 * Filters attachment post data before it is updated in or added to the database.
		 *
		 * @since 3.9.0
		 * @since 5.4.1 The `$unsanitized_postarr` parameter was added.
		 * @since 6.0.0 The `$update` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param array $data                An array of slashed, sanitized, and processed attachment post data.
		 * @param array $postarr             An array of slashed and sanitized attachment post data, but not processed.
		 * @param array $unsanitized_postarr An array of slashed yet *unsanitized* and unprocessed attachment post data
		 *                                   as originally passed to wp_insert_post().
		 * @param bool  $update              Whether this is an existing attachment post being updated.
		 */
		$data = apply_filters( 'wp_insert_attachment_data', $data, $postarr, $unsanitized_postarr, $update );
	} else {
		/**
		 * Filters slashed post data just before it is inserted into the database.
		 *
		 * @since 2.7.0
		 * @since 5.4.1 The `$unsanitized_postarr` parameter was added.
		 * @since 6.0.0 The `$update` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param array $data                An array of slashed, sanitized, and processed post data.
		 * @param array $postarr             An array of sanitized (and slashed) but otherwise unmodified post data.
		 * @param array $unsanitized_postarr An array of slashed yet *unsanitized* and unprocessed post data as
		 *                                   originally passed to wp_insert_post().
		 * @param bool  $update              Whether this is an existing post being updated.
		 */
		$data = apply_filters( 'wp_insert_post_data', $data, $postarr, $unsanitized_postarr, $update );
	}

	$data  = wp_unslash( $data );
	$where = array( 'ID' => $post_id );

	if ( $update ) {
		/**
		 * Fires immediately before an existing post is updated in the database.
		 *
		 * @since 2.5.0
		 *
		 * @param int   $post_id Post ID.
		 * @param array $data    Array of unslashed post data.
		 */
		do_action( 'pre_post_update', $post_id, $data );

		if ( false === $wpdb->update( $wpdb->posts, $data, $where ) ) {
			if ( $wp_error ) {
				if ( 'attachment' === $post_type ) {
					$message = __( 'Could not update attachment in the database.' );
				} else {
					$message = __( 'Could not update post in the database.' );
				}

				return new WP_Error( 'db_update_error', $message, $wpdb->last_error );
			} else {
				return 0;
			}
		}
	} else {
		// If there is a suggested ID, use it if not already present.
		if ( ! empty( $import_id ) ) {
			$import_id = (int) $import_id;

			if ( ! $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE ID = %d", $import_id ) ) ) {
				$data['ID'] = $import_id;
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before a new post is inserted in the database.
		 *
		 * @since 6.9.0
		 *
		 * @param array $data Array of unslashed post data.
		 */
		do_action( 'pre_post_insert', $data );

		if ( false === $wpdb->insert( $wpdb->posts, $data ) ) {
			if ( $wp_error ) {
				if ( 'attachment' === $post_type ) {
					$message = __( 'Could not insert attachment into the database.' );
				} else {
					$message = __( 'Could not insert post into the database.' );
				}

				return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', $message, $wpdb->last_error );
			} else {
				return 0;
			}
		}

		$post_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;

		// Use the newly generated $post_id.
		$where = array( 'ID' => $post_id );
	}

	if ( empty( $data['post_name'] ) && ! in_array( $data['post_status'], array( 'draft', 'pending', 'auto-draft' ), true ) ) {
		$data['post_name'] = wp_unique_post_slug( sanitize_title( $data['post_title'], $post_id ), $post_id, $data['post_status'], $post_type, $post_parent );

		$wpdb->update( $wpdb->posts, array( 'post_name' => $data['post_name'] ), $where );
		clean_post_cache( $post_id );
	}

	if ( is_object_in_taxonomy( $post_type, 'category' ) ) {
		wp_set_post_categories( $post_id, $post_category );
	}

	if ( isset( $postarr['tags_input'] ) && is_object_in_taxonomy( $post_type, 'post_tag' ) ) {
		wp_set_post_tags( $post_id, $postarr['tags_input'] );
	}

	// Add default term for all associated custom taxonomies.
	if ( 'auto-draft' !== $post_status ) {
		foreach ( get_object_taxonomies( $post_type, 'object' ) as $taxonomy => $tax_object ) {

			if ( ! empty( $tax_object->default_term ) ) {

				// Filter out empty terms.
				if ( isset( $postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] ) && is_array( $postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
					$postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] = array_filter( $postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] );
				}

				// Passed custom taxonomy list overwrites the existing list if not empty.
				$terms = wp_get_object_terms( $post_id, $taxonomy, array( 'fields' => 'ids' ) );
				if ( ! empty( $terms ) && empty( $postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
					$postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] = $terms;
				}

				if ( empty( $postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
					$default_term_id = get_option( 'default_term_' . $taxonomy );
					if ( ! empty( $default_term_id ) ) {
						$postarr['tax_input'][ $taxonomy ] = array( (int) $default_term_id );
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// New-style support for all custom taxonomies.
	if ( ! empty( $postarr['tax_input'] ) ) {
		foreach ( $postarr['tax_input'] as $taxonomy => $tags ) {
			$taxonomy_obj = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );

			if ( ! $taxonomy_obj ) {
				/* translators: %s: Taxonomy name. */
				_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'Invalid taxonomy: %s.' ), $taxonomy ), '4.4.0' );
				continue;
			}

			// array = hierarchical, string = non-hierarchical.
			if ( is_array( $tags ) ) {
				$tags = array_filter( $tags );
			}

			if ( current_user_can( $taxonomy_obj->cap->assign_terms ) ) {
				wp_set_post_terms( $post_id, $tags, $taxonomy );
			}
		}
	}

	if ( ! empty( $postarr['meta_input'] ) ) {
		foreach ( $postarr['meta_input'] as $field => $value ) {
			update_post_meta( $post_id, $field, $value );
		}
	}

	$current_guid = get_post_field( 'guid', $post_id );

	// Set GUID.
	if ( ! $update && '' === $current_guid ) {
		$wpdb->update( $wpdb->posts, array( 'guid' => get_permalink( $post_id ) ), $where );
	}

	if ( 'attachment' === $postarr['post_type'] ) {
		if ( ! empty( $postarr['file'] ) ) {
			update_attached_file( $post_id, $postarr['file'] );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $postarr['context'] ) ) {
			add_post_meta( $post_id, '_wp_attachment_context', $postarr['context'], true );
		}
	}

	// Set or remove featured image.
	if ( isset( $postarr['_thumbnail_id'] ) ) {
		$thumbnail_support = current_theme_supports( 'post-thumbnails', $post_type ) && post_type_supports( $post_type, 'thumbnail' ) || 'revision' === $post_type;

		if ( ! $thumbnail_support && 'attachment' === $post_type && $post_mime_type ) {
			if ( wp_attachment_is( 'audio', $post_id ) ) {
				$thumbnail_support = post_type_supports( 'attachment:audio', 'thumbnail' ) || current_theme_supports( 'post-thumbnails', 'attachment:audio' );
			} elseif ( wp_attachment_is( 'video', $post_id ) ) {
				$thumbnail_support = post_type_supports( 'attachment:video', 'thumbnail' ) || current_theme_supports( 'post-thumbnails', 'attachment:video' );
			}
		}

		if ( $thumbnail_support ) {
			$thumbnail_id = (int) $postarr['_thumbnail_id'];
			if ( -1 === $thumbnail_id ) {
				delete_post_thumbnail( $post_id );
			} else {
				set_post_thumbnail( $post_id, $thumbnail_id );
			}
		}
	}

	clean_post_cache( $post_id );

	$post = get_post( $post_id );

	if ( ! empty( $postarr['page_template'] ) ) {
		$post->page_template = $postarr['page_template'];
		$page_templates      = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates( $post );

		if ( 'default' !== $postarr['page_template'] && ! isset( $page_templates[ $postarr['page_template'] ] ) ) {
			if ( $wp_error ) {
				return new WP_Error( 'invalid_page_template', __( 'Invalid page template.' ) );
			}

			update_post_meta( $post_id, '_wp_page_template', 'default' );
		} else {
			update_post_meta( $post_id, '_wp_page_template', $postarr['page_template'] );
		}
	}

	if ( 'attachment' !== $postarr['post_type'] ) {
		wp_transition_post_status( $data['post_status'], $previous_status, $post );
	} else {
		if ( $update ) {
			/**
			 * Fires once an existing attachment has been updated.
			 *
			 * @since 2.0.0
			 *
			 * @param int $post_id Attachment ID.
			 */
			do_action( 'edit_attachment', $post_id );

			$post_after = get_post( $post_id );

			/**
			 * Fires once an existing attachment has been updated.
			 *
			 * @since 4.4.0
			 *
			 * @param int     $post_id      Post ID.
			 * @param WP_Post $post_after   Post object following the update.
			 * @param WP_Post $post_before  Post object before the update.
			 */
			do_action( 'attachment_updated', $post_id, $post_after, $post_before );
		} else {

			/**
			 * Fires once an attachment has been added.
			 *
			 * @since 2.0.0
			 *
			 * @param int $post_id Attachment ID.
			 */
			do_action( 'add_attachment', $post_id );
		}

		return $post_id;
	}