Forming Plural Nouns

Follow the rules below to form plural nouns.

• For most nouns, add -s.

Examples: student—students, tree—trees, river—rivers

• For nouns that end in -s, -x, -ch, -sh, or -zz, add -es.

Examples: guess—guesses, box—boxes, church—churches, bush—bushes, buzz—buzzes

• For nouns that end with a vowel and -y, add -s.

Examples: day—days, toy—toys, turkey—turkeys

• For nouns that end with a consonant and -y, change the -y to -i and add -es.

Examples: country—countries, puppy—puppies

• For some nouns that end in -f or -fe, change the -f to -v and add -s. For some change the -f to -v and add -es. For some others, only add -s.

Examples: wife—wives, calf—calves, chief—chiefs

• For nouns that end with a vowel and -o, add -s.

Examples: radio—radios, video—videos

• For most nouns that end with a consonant and -o, add -es. For some, add -s.

Examples: tomato—tomatoes, hero—heroes, silo—silos